Google’s recent announcement of its groundbreaking quantum computing chip, Willow, sent ripples not only through the tech world but also into the realm of theoretical physics. While the chip’s speed and reliability improvements are remarkable in themselves,

Quantum chips like Willow operate on a much smaller scale. The qubits that make up these high powered chips are roughly the size of an atom, and operate via the rules of quantum mechanics. The chips pack a computing punch at a miniscule level and with potentially better energy efficiency than supercomputers, but they’re also limited in their uses.